Saturday, August 31, 2019

African American Leadership: Two Voices, One Vision

Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. Du Bois, two distinct figures, whom both found the latter part of the 1800’s, in need of leadership from within a segmented group of American Society were placed in odds over a single issue†¦successful racial â€Å"up lift† for the African American population. As in any case when the attention of the masses is at stake, the titanic collision of honed minds was inevitable.The two men, sought to position their respective plans as the predominate solution to solve racial inequality and achieve racial uplift for population of former slaves and born free citizens in the United States.Booker T. Washington, born into slavery, 1856, for the first nine years of his life, held that the black community must exercise patience. Any abrupt aggressive action by African Americans would be interpreted as threatening by the Caucasian majority therefore inviting justifiable increased discrimination against blacks. Washington’s philosophy put f orth the notion that blacks should be willing to sacrifice social and political equality, in exchange for economic liberty.The path to â€Å"up lifting† would be achieved through fidelity, being trusty worthy and industrial. Born free in 1868, W. E. B. Du Bois was the product of a respectable family that held position in the community of Great Barrington, Massachusetts. Du Bois believed the top ten percent or as he dubbed it â€Å"the talented tenth† of the African American population should focus all their energy on higher education. The African American intellectuals would then lead the masses to a higher social rung.Protest, challenge, provocation were the watch words for Du Bois’ method. He clearly felt immediate political, social and racial equality was warranted. As stated by Jacqueline M. Moore, author and educator, Booker T. Washington, W. E. B. Du Bois, and the Struggle for Racial Uplift, â€Å"the debate recognized that there were more than two method s of racial uplift† (Moore, p. 89) Washington’s views, was somewhat misconstrued to believe he was â€Å"selling out† to the majority of American Society.While he felt that African Americans should not push themselves into unwelcome arenas, he knew that political accomplishments were short lived and whimsical. His confidence was in the economical and financial gains that were long term and wielded tangible influence. Washington was clever enough to quietly lobby majority law makers and civic organizations in behind scene efforts to garner support for African American enfranchisement. Even more astute by Washington was his ability to fund his educational agenda from wealthy financial supporters.Du Bois took the position that Caucasian America should be held at an arms distance, neither rejecting nor embracing. He felt the way to eliminate tension between the races was to create a synergy between being African Americans and the rest of America by utilizing the tale nts of the so called â€Å"Talented Tenth† to spearhead the struggle for national racial equality. Thru Du bois’ multiple initiatives to further promote his cause, â€Å"encouraging action and open protest to challenge racism and discrimination† (Moore, p. 78) were standard in his approach.Washington was convinced through hard work and the financial success of entrepreneurial enterprises, respect and equality would be gained for African Americans and â€Å"up lifting† of the race would be a natural evolutionary process. Clearly because of his experiences as a former slave, Washington’s philosophy was shaped by determination and work ethic. Educated at Hampton Institute, a vocational institution, described as â€Å"progressive, training people for skilled work. † (Moore, 21), was the capstone of Washington’s desire to continue educating African Americans in skilled trades.In direct opposition to Washington’s vision of an industr ial educated populace that would improve thru commerce, Du Bois’ selected â€Å"Talented Tenth† would â€Å"help others to fight for the rights for the race†(Moore, 62) with their knowledge of modern society. This type of comparison epitomizes the differences of the two visionaries, however Washington’s approach is accurate as well as brilliant, â€Å"Under the guise of maintaining the social hierarchy, [he] was able to create a strong, independent, black-run institution† (Moore, 28).While outwardly going along with the status quo, Washington tacitly used his economic prowess to build a tangible independent entity capable of choosing its own destiny and purpose. All the while Du Bois relied solely on rhetoric and the intellectual elite to build his constituency to improve the status of African Americans. Judging from racial attitudes in seemly integrated Great Barrington, Massachusetts, Du Bois was denied community sponsored scholarship to Harvard University. Further acknowledgement of the less than ideal racial setting, Du Bois attended integrated schools, â€Å"adult blacks and whites did not mingle socially,†(Moore, 39).Historically African American college Fisk University did offer him a scholarship. Author Jacqueline M. Moore was injudicious in her conclusion, â€Å"he (Washington) was the only one capable of negotiating with both the white North and the white South and that outspoken protest would simply make matters worse† (Moore, 68). Mistaking his silence for weakness overlooks effective lobbying in politics and underlying influence in advancing the African American race. Du Bois’ stance towards racial equality is the central criticism of Washington.Du Bois felt that Washington was allowing Caucasian America â€Å"off the hook† of responsibility. While they both agreed institutional segregation had to end, Du bois felt strongly that African Americans were owed assistance from the general s ociety. â€Å"Solving the race problem required everyone’s involvement (Moore, 72). † Washington chose self â€Å"up lift† from the collective boot straps. Clearly Washington’s experience as an ex-slave impacted his work ethic and decision making process and shaped his views of how African Americans should advance the struggle for equality.Comparatively Du Bois argued that Washington was subservient toward the majority rule and racial discrimination. Racial discrimination and violence was at an all time high, however Du Bois’ model for protest, higher education, and a demand for immediate social and political equality was hollow without effective means. The establishment of several civic and social organizations by Du Bois could only voice outrage and indignation. There was no real force behind the effort to motivate people to change on both sides of the racial divide.Washington was widely accused of pandering and compromising by contemporaries as well as scholars of today. What is clearly overlooked is Washington uncanny foresight of recognizing the importance of financial and economic gains over social gains, â€Å"Blacks would agree not to push for social and political equality if whites would agree not to exclude them from economic progress† (Moore, 33). This statement alone underscores his ability to correctly comprehend what drives a capitalistic society, even in the early 1900’s, and to predict the necessary tool for the future is clearly defined as economic progress.Another popular misconception was that Washington focused on presenting African Americans as well dressed, polite educated puppets that could â€Å"discuss† the plight of their people with out offending the listening audience. The message would be a softer, more acceptable presentation for the gentile surrounding. While that may have been an actual tactic used by Washington, it was only a well thought maneuver to fund his educational i nstitution, Tuskegee Institute, by well heeled benefactors. He now favored influence as well as philanthropic support that would educate the next generation of resourceful, independent entrepreneurs.If his vision had been realized, financially successful enterprises started in 1900’s possibly could have survived today or subsidiaries that would be in existence to hire the today’s African American professionals at all levels. Once could only imagine the business knowledge gained and economic success of competitive entities started during the industrial age. Washington may have sacrificed some short lived dignity, but he realized that un-restrain economic growth is tangible and sustains while intellectual accomplishments does not protect or shelter.In the final analysis, the examination of how Du Bois and Washington sought out a collective political, social and economical agenda in the midst of national racial turmoil during the turn of the century is an interesting anal ogy of today’s civil rights leadership agenda. Washington’s method was clearly the most beneficial for the improvement of African Americans for then as well as today. Promoting economic success was the most fundamental element in the struggle for racial uplift.Understanding and able to recognize the changing economic conditions would allow the national objective of racial equality to be the sole issue versus both combined as they are today. As an active participant in the industrial revolution, Washington recognized success as access to business opportunities with a foundation in industrial education. Compared to modern day choices, ground floor Internet opportunity or NAACP internship? Washington’s was option was clearly the proper path, noted by the number of successful African American business that flourished during segregation, i.e. Johnson Publishing, A. G. Gaston Insurance, Motown, etc compared full to racial integration era business successes they remain in African American control. Even though African Americans had limited political power and remained segregated socially, pure economic growth would have accelerated true racial uplift and the issue of economical inequality would have been an issue of the past. Booker T. Washington, W. E. B. Du Bois, and the Struggle for Racial Uplift, Jacqueline M. Moore â€Å"Wilmington , Delaware : Scholarly Resources, 2003.

Friday, August 30, 2019

Persecution of the Early Church, Pax Romana, and Heresies in Monophysitism Summaries of Three Scholarly Journal’s

Persecution of the Early Church explain some of the how, when and why’s of the early church prosecutions. â€Å"Reasons of the persecution†, â€Å"History of the persecutions† and â€Å"Two Christian Responses: The Glory of Martyrdom and Apologetics† are segments within this scholarly journal. Therefore, each segment relates to persecution with in the early church, gives a list on the persecutions and touches on ten of Christianity persecutors. This article also gives an account on martyrs who died for the sake of the faith and the birthing of apologetics primary goal, defending the faith of Christianity. Pax Romana and the Rise of the Christian church,† reflects on the Gospel being spread at a time of â€Å"Roman Peace† with Christianity. This article depicts what are Pax Romana or Roman Peace and apologetics at a time when Rome allows Christians to spread the â€Å"Good News†. However, it clearly talks about Christian stay with their boundaries when spreading the gospel, there was evidence of Christian being persecuted. â€Å"The culture and Climate in Which the Gospel spread,† helps one to understand how the gospel starts to spread through evangelism starting with the Apostles and Jews being exiled out of Rome. â€Å"Catholic Answers† breakdowns the definition of Heresies in Monophysitism . Therefore, it supplies its reader with a clear understand of the topic at hand. Monophysitism originated as a reaction to Nestorianism. The Monophysites (led by a man named Eutyches) were horrified by Nestorius’s implication that Christ was two people with two different natures (human and divine). They went to the other extreme, claiming that Christ was one person with only one nature (a fusion of human and divine elements). They are thus known as Monophysites because of their claim that Christ had only one nature (Greek: mono = one; physis = nature) Catholic Answers Brom (2004). Bibliography Anonymous, â€Å"Persecution in the Early Church† Religion Facts (May 2013). http://www.religionfacts.com/christianity/history/persecution.htm Bruce, Frederick F. â€Å"The Early Church in the Roman Empire.† The Bible Student 56 (March-April 1933): 30-32. â€Å"Pax Romana† Applied Apologetics http://reformed-apologetics.webs.com/ Brom Robert H., Bishop of San Diego, â€Å"The Great Heresies† Catholic Answers to Explain and Defend the Faith (August 2004) http://www.catholic.com/tracts/the-great-heresies

Thursday, August 29, 2019

Characteristics of a Good Screenplay Essay

Three important considerations of drama are: good story, good plot and good structure. Explain how a screenplay model incorporates these in its features. A screenplay can be an original piece (Original screenplay), or based on a true story or previously written piece, like a novel, stage play or newspaper article (Adapted screenplay). At its heart, a screenplay is a blueprint for the film it will one day become. A screenplay focuses on describing the literal, visual aspects of the story, rather than on the internal thoughts of its characters. The average page count of a screenplay comes between 90 and 120 pages. For one to have a good screenplay and an excellent example that deserves to be imitated, a good story, plot and structure must be put in place. The Story Writing a screenplay or screenwriting, is telling exciting stories about exciting people in an exciting form. A common formula is: (Character + Want) x Obstacles = Story A good story is about an interesting protagonist (character). Except in situations where the story is about more than one person, the protagonist of a story is easily known; he or she is the one the audience cares most about. For example; James Bond, Superman etc. The protagonist usually wants something badly (objective) and most times, gets trouble achieving it (obstacles), and the story is worth writing because it illustrates some kind of universal message (theme) that people can empathize to. Some people have suggested that in order for successful development to occur, it is advisable to use a story questionnaire to explore story scenarios and ask for ways to uncover the answers that will guide one through the story. In writing a good story, it is expected that the writer knows the end of the story even at the beginning. The power of vivid and revealing descriptions can never be over emphasized, every single thing conveyed about the characters’ appearance and surroundings can help reveal or reinforce another facet of who they are and what they become in the course of the screenplay. This can be achieved by using sensory details(sight, smell, touch and hearing) in description. The Plot A story’s plot is what happens in the story and the order it happens in. For there to be a story, something has to move or change. A plot is the road map that takes the story from point A to point B. This change could be a physical event, a decision, a change in person, a change in the audience or reader’s understanding of the situation or the fact that nothing will ever change in the character’s life. The plot is the sequence of events in the story from the beginning to the end (timeline). Usually the order of events is: exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, denouement (final revelation) The Structure The structure is a way in which different parts of the story link together. It is very technical and the format is usually the same everywhere. The screenplay is structured in such a way that it has a beginning, middle and an end (Act I, Act II and Act III). These elements are called the set-up, conflict and the resolution. â€Å"In the first act, it’s who are the people and what is the situation of this whole story? The second act is the progression of that situation to a high point of conflict and great problems. And the third act is how the conflicts and problems are resolved.† – Ernest Lehman Putting all these important considerations into place, a screenplay model is gotten. From all the notes that I read preparing for this assignment, I understood that the screenplay model is universal in a way. Even with alterations and changes, a great Screenplay model would basically depend on: 1. The Protagonist 2. The Antagonist 3. The Desire of the characters especially the protagonist (internal and external desire). â€Å"Somebody’s got to want something; something’s got to be standing in their way of getting it. You do that and you’ll have a scene.† – Aaron Sorkin, writer of popular TV series The West Wing 4. The Inciting incident: This also usually awakens the desire. For example, the protagonist watches when his mother is blown up by a car bomb and swears to revenge her death. That becomes his desire. 5. The Journey, the protagonist goes a through a journey and changes. 6. The Crisis: The crisis occurs when the hero’s final dilemma is crystallised, the moment they are faced with the most important question of the story; just what kind of person are they? This choice is the final test of character, because it’s the moment where the hero is forced to face up to their dramatic need or flaw 7. The Climax: Historically it is sometimes referred to as the â€Å"obligatory scene† (a term coined in the 19th century by French drama critic Francisque Sarcey). This is where the protagonist finds a release from his predicament, it is the final showdown with the antagonist.  8. The Resolution: here all the knots of the plot are untied and unravelled. It is either the protagonist lives happily ever in the case of most romantic movies or that the hero dies tragically or as is becoming commonplace recently, the ending is left open in a way that the audience interprets whatev er ending that suites them. A screenplay must be formatted, majority of the script is made up of just four elements which are: the sluglines, action, character names and the dialogue. When one knows how to format these four and the manner in which everything is written, it becomes easier to get a good screenplay.

Wednesday, August 28, 2019

Interpretation of accounts Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Interpretation of accounts - Assignment Example It is a growth company that has been continually expanding organically, except for a few strategic cases that involved buying out existing retailers in the certain foreign markets. (Tesco website) In July 2009, the company has been under fire since the consumer watchdog, the Office of Fair Trading, claimed to have gathered new evidence that pointed towards Tesco’s involvement in fixing the prices of milk, butter and cheese. This investigation has begun four and a half years ago and the issue had slipped the public’s notice until recently when this development came about. (Ridder 2009) Unlike Tesco, J Sainsbury plc already owned that it was indeed an accomplice in the dairy price-fixing scheme that caused the public shoppers to be overcharged by  £270 million (Ridder 2009). Setting this unbecoming matter aside, Sainsbury has not ceased to focus on establishing its brand based on the goodwill that emanates from their consistency in providing â€Å"healthy, safe, fresh and tasty food.† Like Tesco, Sainsbury has managed to have a profitable year in spite of the adverse impact of the significantly lowered consumer confidence and average spending capacity in UK. As the country’s third largest grocery retailer, Sainsbury is currently not keen on expansion plans. It is, instead, set on further improving its operational efficiency to be able to report increasing profits even if the economy fails to improve this year and the next. Having been operating for the last 140 years, Sainsbury can rightfully claim to have an extensive client base that has been loya l not only to the company’s food stores but also to its subsidiary bank that offers savings and loans packages. (Sainsbury website) Based on above tabulation, Sainsbury’s operations turn out to be more manpower-intensive than Tesco’s. Sainsbury has in its employ an average of 123 people for each store, while Tesco has 109. Needless to say, the latter has the

Tuesday, August 27, 2019

International Perspectives in Childhood Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

International Perspectives in Childhood - Essay Example Italy, Sweden and the United Kingdom provide a diverse range of social, economic and political contexts. Including this, they have various policies directed towards the education and care of young children. In this paper, an evaluation between the pre-schooling practices in Sweden, Italy and United Kingdom, exploring the social, political and economic factors influencing pre-schooling in these countries and to critical analysis of the role of children’s right in pre-schools these countries is discussed. Sweden, Italy and U.K are rank in the most top 21 developing countries in the world in childcare well-being Sweden 5.0, Italy 10.0 and U.K 18.2. The UNICEF report card 7 (The United Nations Children’s Fund, 2007). It is discussed in the paper that Sweden offers a maximum fee policy, which lets parents to spend between 1% and 3 % of their family’s income on the childcare. It depends on the number of children they have. Whereas the government of the United Kingdom o ffers 12.5 hours of free early learning in a week, which is applicable to all form of childcare for at least 28 weeks of the year (Guardian, 2008). The paper also discusses the structure of the classes and the approach of teaching adopted by the three countries. The discussion ends on the conclusion where it decides the Swedish nurseries to have the best approach and providing more freedom for the children to play and explore new things. This way, without forcing children, they become geared up to learn new things at appropriate time (Bennett, 2001). Political factor surrounding these countries In Sweden the maximum rate is LIMITED to ?102 a month which is ?1224 a year, families pay less for a second child and a third is around 0.025% or 1% of the family income (Sundelin, 2008). This is because In Sweden, preschools can either run privately or publically. Municipal government of Sweden is responsible for providing preschool, after three to four years. The government made sure that t he places are provided at a reasonable price, including meals. For Swedish children, the maximum cost for the preschool is SEK 1,260 per month for every child. (Sweden.Se, 2011). In the U.K the average yearly preschool parents spend for 25 hours per week stands at ?5,028 per child (Daycare Trust, 2011). The childcare provided in UK is expensive and most of the times parents cannot afford it. Same is the case with Italy, where the daycare centers are not only expensive and limited but offer less number of hours per day, which makes the parents’ job a difficult task. Thus, when the statistics are compared, it is seen that the preschool educators of the three countries are trying to provide facilities to the young children; likewise they are promoting educational structure in their countries. However, the stability that is provided by Sweden is the best. Parents may want to go back to work but good quality childcare is not really affordable for most people that work in the U.K a nd Italy, some people may find it more beneficial not to go back to work and get help from the government for childcare, which have a huge impact on the economy. The government policy in Sweden makes it affordable for their people to go back to work and still have quality childcare. The government not only shares the economical burden of the children’s education, they also give children best day care facilities that can help the parents to continue their job while the children are in safe hands. In Sweden the max

Monday, August 26, 2019

The United States Department of Defense Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The United States Department of Defense - Essay Example The United States Department of Defense An overview of the United States invasion in Iraq by the Bush administration can help one to gain an insight of why the contemporary US military needs to embrace the draft. While the US had earlier occupied numerous foreign lands—Germany, Japan, and on a lower scale in Kosovo among others—and helped to build relatively stable democratic governments in those countries, it failed to demonstrate this in the Iraq case. The military approach employed by the Bush administration saw the first democratically elected government of Iraq inherit a country widespread with assassinations, and kidnapping among other social ills. This is attributable to a miscalculation that saw the Bush admiration invade Iraq with a few troops. Further, the military of the day was sharply objected to the idea of sending more troops in Iraq when the country crumbled into a violent turmoil after the fall of Saddam. A school of thought in the military circles conceived all these ills that a transformed US military can be effective in a war with a minimal number of ground troops. True, the modern American military can manage to win a stunning battlefield. Nevertheless, such an instantiations force is not sufficient to secure peace—a critical aspect of the outcome of a war. Clearly, the modern all-volunteer American military could not have sustained the demand of the number of forces required in Iraq and continue deterring the American nation from threats elsewhere in the world. Adding the number of standing soldiers in the army may not have been a solution either. It is in view of this that the military draft should be adopted (MillitarySpot, Para 3). The underlying argument is that United States does not require a bigger standing army but rather a deep bench of well-trained soldiers who can be mobilized from their reserves to address the unpredictable but inescapable wars and other necessary humanitarian interventions of the future. The adoption of the military draft could go a long way in ensuring that the limitations of a surge in capacity of the al l-volunteer force do not hold the American society at a standstill when such a need arises. Indeed, history is clear that the American society has turned to the draft from time to time to offer an effective solution to the persistent issue of humanity crisis. While ideally it should not come in the shape of World War II mass combat mobilization or the Vietnam’s discriminatory conscription—because war advances as the nature of threats change—there is no doubt that a modern model of a draft is much-needed (Hod 9). Another argument in support of the military draft is evident from a look at the US military involvement in the past two decades. In these two decades, US has found it critical, in view of national security issues, to deploy over half a million military personnel oversees. Each at a time,

Organisational Behaviour and Human Resource Management BEM2004 Essay

Organisational Behaviour and Human Resource Management BEM2004 - Essay Example It makes every effort to ensure that its products are preferred by consumers and that its public relations are accomplished without difficulties. Ethical business practice prolongs the life of an organization and promotes consumer satisfaction among other stakeholders. This paper evaluates whether business ethics is an oxymoron justifying the arguments through ethical theories that include; virtue ethics, deontology, utilitarianism and Marxism. Business Ethics Businesses are compelled to remain flexible due to the inconsistency of the contemporary operating environments. Each competitor strives to acquire a greater market share than other players, which sometimes leads to negligence in regard to corporate ethics. Various situations require to be dealt with differently and sometimes managers are perplexed regarding what business ethics necessitates in certain circumstances. In some instances, acting morally may be costly or may be hindered by obstacles. For these reasons, Velasquez (2 002) observes that referring to ‘business ethics’ as an oxymoron precisely identifies ethics as a challenge. On the other hand, as presented in the definition of ethics, if an organization is to remain ethical in its operations, it has to observe the laid out values and principles. In other words, no matter how pressing the situation is, ethical values have to be adhered to for business ethics to be accomplished. In essence, many organizations avoid being perfectionists in business ethics even though they insist on ethical standards when dealing with stakeholders. This makes them escape the unintentional negative consequences of fanatical business ethics (DesJardins, 2008). Various ethical theories portray business ethics as an oxymoron. For example, virtue ethics is a theory that sheds light on the boundary between balanced decision making and unethical behavior in business (West, 2003). Sometimes financial managers are faced with the dilemma of determining the appropr iate step to take when the business is faced with challenges, yet the set business values have to be adhered to. The right decision that may save a company from collapsing may be regarded as unethical in a different perspective if the common values are not observed. Rather than being restricted to a set of conceptual rules, a manager maintains his/her professional role and appraises an ethically thought-provoking decision within that role. In other words, he/she is not bound by what is believed to be ethical while acting for the good of the organization (Maximiano, 2003). For instance, the finance director in a company X realizes that the organization will incur losses owing to an abrupt change in exchange rates. The company maintains corporate social responsibility and runs a philanthropic community program which is among its core values that costs 10% of its proceeds. The manager is faced with the dilemma of suspending the program to minimize the company’s expenditure or to retain the program. The first alternative will lead him to disregard the company’s ethical values. However, as a professional, his work is to ensure that the company does not incur a loss. The manager has to make an ethically charged decision and suspend the program until the operating environment regains normalcy. According to virtue ethics, he will be regarded as a good manager due to his intelligence that helps in maintaining efficiency and profitability, while on the other hand he is

Sunday, August 25, 2019

Clothing Shop and Fabrics Sale Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Clothing Shop and Fabrics Sale - Essay Example Now the owner knew that he can also use different social networking service to benefit his business. He starts using Facebook to promote events for different sports such as snowboarding and skating. The owner fund webcasts are helpful, so he develops the clothing brand accounts on Instagram and Facebook to provide the customer with full news and announcement about his products. He wanted the customer to feel more connected to his business. Therefore, he establishes an online shop to make it easy for the customer to shop. Nowadays there are many ways for business owners to advertise their products. One of these ways is the electronic advertisement that has advantages and disadvantages. Knowing these advantages and disadvantages will help business owners to choose the best way for them to advertise their products. We all know that an electronic advertisement is a new way in the business world, and it is an unfamiliar way for many people. This reason caused most of the electronic advertising drawbacks. Another reason is peoples satisfaction with the traditional way of advertising."Technology has still not advanced enough to allow electronic advertising to compete with television and print"[1]. In order for an electronic advertisement to be successful, the technology has to improve but in these days we didn't reach a high level of technology development. Even though if technology has developed, many people won't have the ability to explore the online information system. On the other hand, people who have the skill to use the online information system find electronic advertisement distracting and annoying. Therefore, they try to avoid visiting website that has the advertisement for it. Moreover, most of the advertisers tend to use the traditional way to advertise because they find electronic adve rtisement is not appealing to them.And that what help television and print advertisement to have a huge market with much attraction from advertisers.

Saturday, August 24, 2019

Developing a Performance Measurement System for a Firm That Purchased Coursework

Developing a Performance Measurement System for a Firm That Purchased a Supplier of Its Intermediate Goods - Coursework Example The basis for transfer prices is that the subunit managers make decisions; they are required to focus on how their decision will influence the performance of the subunit without assessing their effect on the overall company performance. Thus, transfer prices make it easy for the subunit manager to process information and make decisions. In a transfer system that is well designed, the manager puts more focus on optimizing the performance of the subunit, and in so doing, the performance of the company is optimized (Datar, Horngren & Rajan, 2012). Usually, there are three forms of transfer prices; market-based transfer prices, cost-based transfer, and negotiated transfer prices. Each form complies with organization and performance assessment in a different level. The transfer prices to be used rely on the environmental conditions and specific objectives of the company. In this case, the form of transfer to be used is the market-based transfer prices. In order to develop a performance measurement system for the firm, the following conditions must be met. First, a market or its substitute must exist for the intermediate product. However, this condition is generally not fully met. In most cases, there are a number of comparable products with different prices present. Second, the transaction of the firm’s divisions may not have a significant effect on the market price.

Friday, August 23, 2019

First-generation, Second-generation and Third-generation of Currency Essay

First-generation, Second-generation and Third-generation of Currency Crises Models - Essay Example Currency crisis can originate from a financial crisis associated with an actual economic crisis that can cause depletion of valuable reserves. The drastic effects of a changing value of currency can be very brutal to small economies as compared to relatively larger ones. The government or major bodies of authorities should regulate and defend the currency by fulfilling the surplus demand for a given currency using the currency reserves of the country or by using its foreign reserves or by elevating the interest rates. Throughout history we have seen a large number of currency crisis that have affected many economies worldwide leading to recessions like the economic crisis in Mexico in 1994, the Asian crisis in 1997, the case of the Hong Kong dollar in 1998 and Russian crisis in 1998. The rapid increase in the number of currency crises after the Latin American debt crisis in the 1980s was alarming. This resulted in extensive research and in the conception of many theories and models. Thus, the first methodical formation of currency crisis model came in 1979 by Paul Krugman in his extensive research based on Steve Salant and Dale Henderson’s paper published in 1978. This model was based on the study of how efficiently the trade prices of articles of trade could stabilize after concerned authorities had an insight that an investor will hold on to an exhaustible resource if he expects its price to rise quick enough offering him a profitable return rate. This concept is based on Hotelling lemma’s exhaustible resource pricing leading to a choking point when the price has risen to such a height that ultimately there isn’t any more demand left. The... This essay declares that a currency crisis is a catastrophe that takes place when a tentative attack on the exchange value of a currency leads to the devaluation or unexpected depreciation in a country’s currency value. A currency crisis can also lead to a balance-of-payments crisis or a huge exchange rate depreciation or even a massive international reserve loss, or all of the above. Most economists agree that a speculative hit in the foreign exchange market usually affects fixed exchange rate markets rather than floating exchange rate markets. Currency crisis can originate from a financial crisis associated with an actual economic crisis that can cause depletion of valuable reserves. The drastic effects of a changing value of currency can be very brutal to small economies as compared to relatively larger ones. The government or major bodies of authorities should regulate and defend the currency by fulfilling the surplus demand for a given currency using the currency reserves of the country or by using its foreign reserves or by elevating the interest rates. This paper makes a conclusion that the growing trend in the shadow price was provided by supposing that the government issues money to finance the country’s budget deficits, however the central bank is prepared to defend the exchange rate through international reserves. Hence, Salant further worked on a gold price stabilization technique.

Thursday, August 22, 2019

Individual Project Budget Essay Example for Free

Individual Project Budget Essay This week we are looking forward to successful two day training with your staff. The objective is to successfully convert the United States Army Medical Department from EMR to AHLTA. There are trainers that are set in place to ensure that the staff receives their full attention and that they also feel comfortable with the software. The outcome of this would be to have the ability to easily communicate electronically regarding patients and is up to date with today’s advanced technology which will allow the compliance with government standards as well as high reimbursement for every office. While being trained the staff should feel very comfortable when working with the software and to ensure that this happens a questionnaire is given for feedback. In order to get prepared for the training class, there is an updated list of things that are on the schedule that are to be reviewed with the staff. I there are any changes that come about they should be made as soon as possible. In order to make sure that the meeting will offer a successful transition, communication is very important for all offices so stakeholders are alert and ready for the upcoming dealings. In order to get everything settled their will be daily meeting that will be set up via the web and at a landline location for those that are able to attend. Schedules for each provider and their staff should eventually be shortened to accommodate training and mandatory attendance should be enforced. A checklist will be provided for each office with the necessary materials needed for the conversion and information regarding government policies. Tentative Schedule * Employees will arrive in Atlanta (Hartsfield Inter. Airport) @ approximately 8:00am * Shuttle will bring all employees to Hyatt (we have a contract with this hotel) * Employees will be served continental breakfast before the training @ 9:00am on both days * Translators are available for those that request it * Conference rooms are on the first floor Training on both days will end at approximately 4:30pm * Lunch will be serviced, Dinner is not in the budget room service and taxi service are available @ employees expense * Trainers will watch every user to make sure that they fill comfortable and a short quiz will be given on the second day to ensure this course is understood and if not then further training can be offered * Shuttle buses will be available the morning after the last training class to transport employees to Atlanta (Hartsfield Inter.  Airport). There are different times being offered, please make sure that each employee is aware of the departure times so they arrive one or two hours before their plane is set to leave The company’s plans are that each employee has a successful training class as well as a comfortable and relaxing environment. Once the two day training ends a questionnaire/survey will be mailed out for feedback. These forms are completely anonyms if you chose to take it. Thank you in advance for your corporation in this matter. For your review a preliminary budget for the 2 day training classes is provided. The budget and the schedule are subject to change. They are in the excel format using the Grantt chart.

Wednesday, August 21, 2019

Ethics and Philosophy of Social Research Essay Example for Free

Ethics and Philosophy of Social Research Essay The social research shares with all scientific endeavours the necessity to balance scientific zeal with other ethical values that derive from the social context in which all social research takes place. To some degree, the research ideal of objectivity unavoidably conflicts with humanistic values. Therefore, all researchers must at some time come to grips with this conflict. The issue, however, is especially crucial for social researchers because the focus of their research is the behaviour of other people. Thus, not only the goals of the social research but the very process of data collection is subject to ethical conflicts. The paper contains analysis—the synthesis of research results across a large number of studies—and on the social responsibility and ethical requirements of the social research. The ethical issues which researchers face in their day-to-day study are comparatively consistent across methods. The ethical principles adopted by researchers should govern their actions, whether they take place in field or laboratory environment. To make this point most strongly, this paper contains a separate section, which should serve as a strong point of reference for the social researcher, rather than providing a series of ethical requirements that are spread thinly throughout the various sections of this paper. These issues include the social and ethical responsibilities and constraints connected with the conduct of social research and advancing the cumulative progress of behavioral and social science through integrating and synthesizing findings from different current investigations. The paper hopes to make clear that social research is a collective enterprise undertaken in the context of ethical values. Main body Ethics in Social Research Ethics of Research Design and Methodology Because the subject matter of the social researcher is human behaviour and the processes that are associated with behaviour, it is unavoidable that researcher interests will conflict sometimes with ethical values placed on the rights of people to privacy and self-determination. The guidelines for social research ethics set by the Social Research Association (SRA) (2003) stress the idea of recruiting participants for research on the basis of informed consent —this means that participation must be freewill and with the participants full knowledge of what research will include. However, it is declared that many subjects could not be researched at all if this ideal were entirely met, and that the rights of individuals must be weighed against the possible importance of the research problem. David De Vaus (1996), for example, demonstrated in a verbal conditioning experiment that a full explanation of methods and hypotheses destroyed the phenomenon they were attempting to examine. In cases where full explanation of subject cannot be presented, SRA recommends that â€Å"But there should, at least, be clarity about opt-in and opt-out arrangements, about the length and degree of commitment required of respondents, and about the precise goals of the research. Adequate subject de-briefing also seems essential to this last aim.† Thus, the ethical code does not present free from limitations standards that relieve the researcher of important value judgments. Rather, judgments as to the comparative significance of research programmes and researchers responsibility for the well-being of their participants are the primary bases of research ethics. Deception in the Laboratory The degree to which participation is entirely voluntary is in many cases disputable, depending on the social and institutional pressures to take part in research that are at times involved. But usually, participants in laboratory experiments at least know that they participate in a research study. Notwithstanding, however, the information provided to participants in laboratory investigations is usually smallest, at best, and often purposely deceptive as to the goals of the research study. To what degree this deception is justified by serving scientific purposes and the potential benefit to human welfare is a matter of considerable debate. Some critics claim that no deception is ever reasonable and that it should not be permitted in the interests of social research (Ortmann Hertwig 746-747). Most social researchers, however, take a more temperate view, considering that there is an unavoidable compromise between values of entire honesty and informed consent and the possible value of what can be learned from the research itself. Just as the unimportant lie uttered in the interests of tact or politeness is regarded as acceptable when used in the service of good manners, so a little amount of deception may be acceptable in the service of obtaining reliable research data. However, there is also some controversy over whether social researchers have exceeded this adequate minimum in their research (Barnes 320). For some years the practice of deception in laboratory experiments was considered acceptable by most experimenters. However, an article by Herbert Kelman (1967) reflected a growing concern with accepted among many people, and evidently undisputed, use of deception in social research. Kelmans article argued this practice on both ethical and practical grounds. Ethically, he claimed, any deception disregarded essential norms of respect in the interpersonal relationship that forms between researcher and research participant. Besides, the practice might have extreme methodological implications as participants become less naive and extreme suspiciousness begins to have an effect upon the outcomes of all research. To avoid these problems, Kelman advised that social researchers (a) reduce the unnecessary use of deception, (b) explore ways of counteracting or minimizing its negative consequences when deemed necessary, and (c) develop new methods, such as role playing or simulation techniques, which substitute active participation for deception (Kelman 10-11). Practices of experimenting with these alternative methodologies have been tried, but the results are consisting of conflicting thoughts, at best (Crespi 23). Thus, the general agreement in the social research is that some level of deception is often necessary to produce realistic conditions for testing research hypotheses. However, such deception needs to be justified by the nature and significance of the research question being studied. As James D. Faubion (2005) put it, â€Å"The social researcher whose study may have a good chance of reducing violence or racism or sexism, but who declines to do the study simply because it requires deception, has not solved an ethical problem but only traded one for another† (860). Ethical Issues in Field Research Although much of the discussion about the ethical implications of deception concentrates on laboratory experimentation, study conducted outside the laboratory often considers a number of other ethical issues and concerns. Besides issues associated with consent to participate, researchers also must think over issues of privacy and confidentiality when research data are collected in field surroundings (Boruch 102). Because a main benefit of field research, from a scientific point of view, is the chance of obtaining samples of behaviour under naturally occurring circumstances, it often is beneficial to conduct such research under conditions in which the nature of the research is concealed. Therefore, the participants may not only be mislead regarding the goals of the research, but may even be uninformed that they are the subject of research in the first place. The use of â€Å"frugal† measures highlights this strategy (Ortlieb 2002), but even more traditional methods of data collection, such as the interview or questionnaire, are often conducted in such a manner as to conceal their true goal. Some researchers consider the practice of concealed observation or response elicitation as passable as long as it is limited to in fundamental way â€Å"public† behaviors or settings usually open to public examination. Adam Ashforth (1996), for example, presented a review of settings and behaviours for which concealed research methods have been used. However, there is the question of subjective definitions of what form â€Å"public† behaviours, specifically in urban settings where social norms lead to the probability of anonymity in public surroundings. Because by definition field research includes some act of intervening on the part of the researcher in the stimulus conditions to which the uninformed participants are exposed, ethical question about hidden observation is further difficult to understand because of concern over the nature of such manipulations. Instances of practice of experimenting in field settings comprise systematic variation of the content of applicant briefs sent to potential employers (Ashforth 1996), differential behaviour on the part of salesmen regarding customers (Fairclough 2003) or customers toward salesmen (Fairclough 2003). To some degree these all fall within a â€Å"normal range† of human behaviour in public surroundings, the only difference being their methodical manipulation by the researcher. Yet, collecting data about individual behaviour in these cases evidently violates the spirit of â€Å"informed consent, † in particular when researchers conclude it is best not to inform individuals which have been observed even after the fact (Seiber 268). The Regulatory Context of Research Involving Human Participants The preceding discussion of ethical dilemmas is contemplated to present the idea that there are no easy, certain rules for deciding whether a specific research strategy or method is ethical or not. Rather, difficult enough to construct opinion is involved in weighing the possible value of the research against potential stress or other costs to research participants. Ethical decision making includes a cost—benefit analysis rather than the consideration of certain strictures and rules (Alvaro Crano 13). Much of the responsibility for decision making falls on the individual researcher, but one person alone is not always the best judge of what is of considerable importance and necessary research and what is possibly harmful to participants. Actually, there is good evidence that biases enter into scientists evaluations of the quality of their own research (Kimmel 1991). Therefore, the conduct of social research that meets reasonable ethical standards and methods is not just a matter of persons judgment, it is the law. Almost all social research that is supported by funds or conducted in educational or research institutions that receive funding (of any kind) is subject to regulations concerning the conduct of social research. The primary agency is The Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) which is the UKs leading research funding and training agency addressing economic and social concerns. ESRC provides certain principles for protecting the welfare and dignity of human participants in research and provides policies and procedures that are required of institutions in which such research is conducted. The ESRC expects that the research it supports will be conducted according to a high ethical standard. This Research Ethics Framework (REF) sets out good ethical practice in UK social research.Although REF is a mandatory aspect of social research which involves human participants, it does not absolve the researcher from any further responsibility for the ethical conduct of his or her research.

Tuesday, August 20, 2019

Apple vs Microsoft Compare and Comparison

Apple vs Microsoft Compare and Comparison Corey Rill Microsoft and Apple are the two biggest companies when it comes to computer manufacturing and the consumer electronics industry. The two companies have an ample of similarities and differences. Both Microsoft and Apple launched their corporations within a short period of each other. They are the highest earning rival companies, As well as the best innovators in the market as their products are some of the most widely used worldwide. Apple Incorporated targets its efforts on the manufacture, design, and sale of consumer electronics like mobile phones, persacoms (personal computers), and televisions, as well as other similar software products. The Microsoft Corporation, on the other hand, is a computer   company that deals with the development and manufacture of software products for computers. Apple is most known for its computer design, the Macintosh, and other entertaining gadgets like the Macbook Air, the iPhone, and the Apple Watch. The items are being improved constantly and are advancing greatly as the years go by. As such, they have been received quite well by consumers. The Microsoft Company is most well known for their OS, or Operating System,   Microsoft Windows and the Microsoft office applications, such as Microsoft Word and Powerpoint. In the software market, Apple has produced the iLife creativity and IOS phones. Other inventions from Apples baked goods sale includes the iTunes media browser and the Mac Operating System MacOS X. In terms of production and   entering of new technologies into the market, The Corporate management at Apple seems to have a rather different strategy than that of Microsoft. Microsoft is a company that takes ideas that are already on the market and then dominates it. Apple, on the other hand, enjoys developing new ideas and making them big.   Apple identifies newborn technologies and ideas that are not used in a practical way and develops them to give them the appeal needed to be sold on the mass market and possibly to even satisfy the needs of the greater market. The examples of these are the iPhone (which was the first touchscreen phone), the Apple Watch, the GUI, the Multi-Touch, and iTunes. Microsoft identifies already established technologies and ideas   wishing to take part in its success. It does this by using Its power as a massive industry to deal with the competition until it succeeds the market. Examples include Xbox, MSN, Bing, Zune, Windows mobile, and Windows. Apple mostly directs its approach in making new products that will enable it to gain profit regardless of what the product is. Microsoft approaches the product line with the sole purpose of becoming the dominating company in the market no matter the profit it makes. Most companies involved with technology have followed Microsofts strategy of attempting to dominating the market regardless of the profits it makes. Trying to term it as the best sales strategy for a future-oriented company. However, apple has been running sturdy with good profits for more than a considerable amount of years, without the focus of dominating or arising any problems. In terms of features made for internet use, the companies also have different strategies. Apple does its selling using a minimalist game plan both in design and interfaces. The company narrows the clutter to   a minimum and assumes that the users do not have the time or patience to sift through the internet searching for endless possibilities. The company designs its services to provide for those with less time and more money. Microsoft is designed to give the consumer the most options possible. The corporation assumes the customer will spend hours looking for what they think is the best option. The companys search guide shows the consumer the best way to make a choice. Microsoft does this with its target customers because they are the consumers with more time on their hands and less money to spend. For instance, apple offers   one option for buying music; their program called iTunes, while Microsoft offers thousands of searches and downloadable contents on the internet. This sho ws that the two companies marketing strategies for selling products are meant for different customers. References Microsoft. Microsoft, n.d. Web. . Apple. Apple Incorporated, n.d. Web.

The Scarlet Letter Essay -- essays research papers

In the novel, The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne discusses the issues of guilt, pain, and truth. For many people, it is hard to accept the faults of their own failures. Most do not acknowledge the reality of their lives, and wind up suffering for their mistakes. Guilt and Sin are bad and also cause pain. Hester Prynne endures in agony and pain because of the mistake she made. In the novel, Hester rarely gives up hope. Through her suffering, Hester maintains to keep her dignity. Hester is admired because of her strong will, and her ability to ignore other's views of her. "In a moment, however, wisely judging that one token of her shame would but poorly serve to hide another, she took the baby on her arm, and, with a burning blush, and yet a haughty smile, and a glance that would not be abashed, looked around at her townspeople and neighbors† (Hawthorne 50). The townspeople had no right to determine Hester’s punishment. God can only make this type of judgment. She also expresses her best qualities when she stands up to Governor Bellingham, and she confronts him about Pearl. Hester, being proud, headstrong, and confident, faces him successfully and convinces Governor Bellingham into letting her keep Pearl. She is not afraid of much in her life, especially for standing up for her family. She gains knowledge each day of her life and continues to live a fierce life. â€Å"This badge hath taught me—it daily teaches me—it is te aching me at this mom...

Monday, August 19, 2019

We Can Stop Global Warming Essay -- Environmental Global Climate Chang

We Can Stop Global Warming   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nowadays, the earth is presenting drastic changes. There are different factors that have influenced to provoke these changes. The man is one if not the main responsible. With the modern world and its speed in which life is developed everyday, the man may not sometimes think of a long-term harm that is provoking. It has been recognized that human activity is slowly increasing the atmospheric concentration of several gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect is the colloquial term to refer to enhanced global warming. The green house effect is what keeps the earth habitable, without the greenhouse effect the temperatures would be too cold for human live.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Over the past 100 years, global temperatures have increased by about one degree Fahrenheit, with the 1990s to date the warmest decade on record, according to NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Scientists predict that, unless greenhouse gases emissions are reduced substantially, Earth’s average global temperature will rise by two to six degrees by the next century. Since people are causing global warming, they can also prevent it from getting worse or to stop it at all. To prevent global warming we must reduce usage of greenhouse gases emissions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a vital source to the greenhouse effect. Humans have made buildings and machines that release CO2 into the air. Large amounts of CO2 in the atmosphere causes more heat to be...

Sunday, August 18, 2019

Feminism in John Steinbecks The Chrysanthemums :: Feminism Feminist Women Criticism

Feminism in John Steinbeck’s The Chrysanthemums  Ã‚   At first glance John Steinbeck’s "The Chrysanthemums" seems to be a story about a woman whose niche is in the garden. Upon deeper inspection the story has strong notes of feminism in the central character Elisa Allen.   Elisa’s actions and feelings reflect her struggle as a woman trying and failing to emasculate herself in a male dominated society. Elisa is at her strongest and most proud in the garden and becomes weak when placed in feminine positions such as going out to dinner with her husband. Steinbeck carefully narrates this woman’s frequent shifts between femininity and masculinity over a short period of time. In the opening of the story Elisa is emasculated by the description of her clothing. She wears "a man’s black hat pulled low down over her eyes, clodhopper shoes, a figured print dress almost completely covered by a big corduroy apron†¦" (paragraph 5). When Elisa’s husband Henry comes over and compliments her garden and ability to grow things Elisa is smug with him and very proud of her skill with the flowers. Her "green thumb" makes her an equal in her own eyes. When Elisa’s husband asks her if she would like to go to dinner her feminine side comes out. She is excited to go eat at a restaurant and states that she would much rather go to the movies than go see the fights, she "wouldn’t like the fight’s" at all (paragraph 21). Elisa is taken aback with her own submissiveness and quickly becomes preoccupied with her flowers as soon as her husband leaves. When the drifter comes and asks Elisa for work to do she is stern with him and refuses him a job. She acts as a man would to another strange man and becomes irritated. When he persists in asking her she reply’s "I tell you I have nothing like that for you to do" (paragraph 46). The drifter mentions Elisa’s chrysanthemums and she immediately loosens up as "the irritation and resistance melt(ed) from her face" (paragraph 51). The drifter feigns great interest in Elisa’s chrysanthemums and asks her many questions about them. He tells her he knows a lady who said to him "if you ever come across some nice chrysanthemums I wish you’d try to get me a few seeds" (paragraph 56). Elisa is overjoyed by any interest in her flowers and gives the man chrysanthemum sprouts to take to his friend.

Saturday, August 17, 2019

Duckett family Essay

The current trend of journalism organizations to hire â€Å"screaming journalists† like Nancy Grace and others is a disservice to the Fourth Estate and threatens the very notion of a free press. Grace and others of her ilk are not reporters seeking the news for its value to the general public nor are they attempting to inform. These confrontational entertainers are more interested in high ratings and controversary than in the news. Furthermore, their lack of general human compassion is endangering the entire profession. Never is this more clear than in the case of the family of Melinda Duckett vs. CNN and Nancy Grace. In September, 2006, Melinda Duckett’s two-year-old son was reported missing and Duckett agreed to appeared on Grace’s show in an effort to promote the manhunt for her missing child. Grace was belligerent and in the woman’s face, screaming at her because she would not discuss her whereabouts when the child disappeared and accusing the woman of having something to do with her child’s disappearance. (Smoking Gun, 2006). Duckett’s son has still not been found, but a day after the interview with Grace, the woman shot and killed herself with a shotgun. In the days following Duckett’s death, Grace not only aired the original interview berating the distraught woman, but she went on the nightly news herself, defending her interviewing techniques. â€Å"Former prosecutor turned talk show host Nancy Grace is unapologetic about her aggressive approach to a mother who committed suicide after an interview about the woman’s missing son,† ABC News reported (â€Å"Nancy Grace says ‘Guilt’). Grace showed no human compassion for the mother in the interview or in the days after her death. Drawing on her history as a criminal prosecutor, Grace attacked in a manner more appropriate for a courtroom than a newsroom. That is not to say that reporters should not ask tough questions, but they should not browbeat an interviewee and speak over them as is reported Grace did. Reporters have a responsibility to seek out the news not make it. In her attacks on Melinda Duckett, Nancy Grace went beyond the level and stepped back into her prosecutorial role, attempting to find the criminal. â€Å"†How is that questioning doing anything but making a person in a desperate situation feeling even more desperate? † said Hub Brown, a professor at Syracuse University’s Newhouse School of Communications. â€Å" (ABC News) Grace defended her unrelenting questioning as a serach for truth and said police later agreed with her that Melinda Duckett is a suspect in her son’s disappearance. What police actually said was that in a child disappearance, the parents are always the initial suspect. Almost a year later, Duckett’s son has still not been found. What has happened, however, is that Grace has put all legitimate journalists in danger of having their rights revoked due to her drive for ratings. In November, 2006, the parents of Melinda Duckett filed a lawsuit against Grace, CNN and Duckett’s estranged husband who helped arrange the Grace interview (Smoking Gun). And, in June, 2007, a Florida court ruled that the case had merit and would be tried in federal court because the participants reside in multiple jurisdictions (â€Å"Ruling in†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). By bringing this kind of unwanted spectacle to the media, Grace is causing a chilling effect that will lead to fewer people wanting to cooperate with the media and could ultimately lead to a restriction in the rights of journalists. Her lack of basic human compassion is more relevant than whether Melinda Duckett killed or abducted her own son. The role of the media is not to determine the truth, but to report that truth after it has been exhibited by others. While some investigative journalists might argue this point, the reality is that even investigative journalists do not draw their own conclusions about the news. They search for facts and report them. Nancy Grace took facts not in evidence and applied them to the Duckett case, making herself judge, jury and prosecutor of Melinda Duckett without giving Duckett the benefit of a defense attorney. Grace, however, insists her line of questioning was reasonable. â€Å"In an exclusive interview with â€Å"Good Morning America† today, Grace said that she takes no responsibility for Duckett’s suicide. â€Å"If anything, I would suggest that guilt made her commit suicide,† Grace told ABC News’ Chris Cuomo. â€Å"To suggest that a 15 or 20 minute interview can cause someone to commit suicide is focusing on the wrong thing,† she said. â€Å" (ABC NEWS) Grace’s attitude in the wake of Duckett’s suicide is another black eye for the face of journalism. Her unapologetic accusations against the dead woman seemed to indicate that she believes her questioning was appropriate even if it did contribute to Duckett’s death. Her claim that â€Å"even the police agree with me† (ABC News), does little to redeem Grace in the eyes of the general public. Instead, she is seen as so concerned about her ratings that she would put them above human safety. That attitude seems to be in evidence on her webpage. Grace actually advertises for crime victims to call her show and become part of the entertainment value of the news (CNN. com) Though she places her calls for tips in the framework of helping crime victims seek justice, her show advocates her â€Å"Cross Exam† and her prosecutorial drive to find the answers to crime. If Ms. Grace believed that rooting out crime was her calling, she should not have left the prosecutors office for the media. Her style of â€Å"journalism† is an insult to those who attempt to keep the Fourth Estate free of bias and predetermined opinions. Instead, based on her experience, Grace makes judgments calls about people’s guilt as she did with Melinda Duckett and â€Å"reports† the news based on her interpretation of events. She had an exclusive interview with the mother of a missing child, a child police still presume to be alive. Instead of carefully crafter questions designed to help authorities and the general public find the missing boy, Grace decided that badgering Melinda Duckett would mean better ratings. For the sake of the industry, one can only hope that the Duckett family attorneys cannot prove that greed and not news was Grace’s motivation. If they prove that she sought ratings over the truth and therefore did contribute to the death of Melinda Duckett, the chilling effect on all media will be extreme. Her unreasonably harsh questioning methods place all media attempts to get to the truth in danger and violates the most basic tenet of the Fourth Estate: to inform. Nancy Grace has no intention to inform the general public of anything the day she interviewed Melinda Duckett except for her own conviction that Duckett was responsible for her son’s disappearance. This kind of action has no role in journalism, but belongs in editorial and opinion pages, not disguised as news. WORKS CITED ABCNews. com. Nancy Grace says ‘Guilt’ Likely Made Mother Commit Suicide† , June 24, 2007. Nancy Grace Homepage. http://www. cnn. com/CNN/Programs/nancy. grace/, June 24, 2007. â€Å"Ruling Made in Duckett-Grace Case† , June 24, 2007. The Smoking Gun, â€Å"Nancy Grace Sued for Wrongful Death† , June 24, 2007.

Friday, August 16, 2019

Creating atmosphere

Creating an atmosphere of tolerance, acceptance and caring requires a consistent effort to understand the students who come from different cultures. It is important to treat their cultural and linguistic backgrounds as valid and equal to our own background. Treating their cultures as important and respectable creates an atmosphere of mutual trust and collaboration among the students. The broader understanding should reflect in every aspect of the academic institution. Building multicultural class room is an ongoing process and it requires consistent investment of time, money and effort.The diversity of students in today's classrooms underscores the importance of developing curricula, teaching strategies, and policies to help all students succeed in school. (Ingram, 2000) The diversity of students in the class room calls for creating an atmosphere of caring, understanding, and accepting other cultures. Treating the cultures as valid, equal and important is fundamental in creating an a tmosphere that fills confidence in both the teacher and the taught.Creating such an atmosphere becomes impossible unless the authorities who run the institution believe in the philosophy of understanding, acceptance and respect for other cultures. The process of creating an atmosphere of tolerance and acceptance begins with the very mission statement of the institution. The issues and needs of multi-cultural class room should be analyzed and understood and the learning from the same should reflect in the action plan.The analysis should take into account the problems and challenges of the faculty members, the fears and doubts of the students and the different aspects of administration of the school management. When every department in the institution follows the same action plan and philosophy and show the same spirit it becomes easier for the students to imbibe the same. Especially in the class room where people from five different ethnic groups are present, the question of creating an atmosphere of tolerance, acceptance and caring attains greater significance.The class room which has students from India, China, Kenya, Arabia, and Europeans along with the native students, it is most essential to foster an atmosphere of confidence and freedom for the students to have a healthy intellectual growth. The recognition and acceptance of students from all backgrounds and culture is essential to the concept of multi-cultural education. Multicultural education is a reform movement whose major goal is to change the structure of educational institutions so that all students have an equal chance to achieve academically in school.(Mungai, 2008) The diversity of students in the class room makes it more challenging for the faculty and the administration to create an atmosphere of acceptance, tolerance, and trust. For the students the class room not only opens up a new of world of learning experiences but also challenges them in understanding, welcoming and accepting new cultu res of other students. The role of the teacher in that multi-cultural class room acquires greater significance as he is challenged with the double task of teaching the subject and creating an atmosphere of care and understanding.Teachers embracing multiculturalism will offer for some of their students the first opportunity to stand in the center of life’s stage. They will demonstrate that the democratic ideals on which this country was founded apply to their school life and to their personal lives. (Josephine Scott, 2001) Teachers feel it a daunting task to deal with the students effectively in a multi cultural class room. Being aware of their weaknesses and drawbacks in dealing with all types of students is helpful in overcoming those challenges.When dealing with students it is not unusual for some teachers to feel comfortable with some students and uncomfortable with certain other students. Naturally it will leave different impressions on the students and it may also influe nce in giving grades to the students. Hence, evaluation of teaching practices and class room behavior and reflecting on the same plays a crucial role in modifying the approach of the teachers. Inviting other teachers and taking feed back from students and peers will go a long way in overcoming many of the problems.Making the content of the lessons multi cultural in subjects, though it is not possible in all the subjects, will expose the students to different cultures. Teacher’s self assessment about his level of consciousness and awareness of other races, religion and cultures helps him a lot in planning the class room activity effectively. Talking about the crucial role of teachers in creating a multicultural class room, Betty Wilson highlights the importance of teachers learning of new cultures.She says: I think it's very important for teachers to know their own cultures very well and study their own cultures, because then they begin to become more reflective listeners. The y look at other people's cultures in a different light, and they begin to see the similarities and differences in their cultures. It becomes a journey in a classroom of learning, because by the teacher sharing their own culture, then the students are more open to that. (Wilson, 2000)As Betty Wilson, the director of multicultural education at Oak Park School, rightly points out learning other cultures will be an enriching experience This demands not only learning new things and cultivating new habits but also unlearning old habits and beliefs. A resource center rich in solutions for the teachers solves many of the dilemmas of the teacher of multi-cultural class room. Sharing the experiences of other faculty members across the university or other institutions will be immensely useful for solving many of the issues in the day to day activities in the class room.Creating opportunities for knowing other cultures about their history and present situation and problems should be made a part of academic curricula. Planning on campus or off campus events teachers and their assistant will have a better understanding of the needs of young people who are members of different cultures. A multi-cultural celebration day is a wonderful idea for all the students who come from different cultures to express themselves freely and to recognize and understand the importance of other cultures.Setting up a bulletin board that gives equal importance to all the five different cultures without hurting the feelings of others is major step in announcing the multi-cultural festival. The board provides ample space for exhibiting the important or representative symbols all the cultures that are present in the class room. Assigning the work to the students to create their own poster expressing their cultural values and symbols encourages all the students and involves every student in the work. Monitoring their work without any interference in their creative expression is a delicate task and it should be dealt with very sensitively.Giving clear instructions in advance will solve many delicate issues. For example, informing the students clearly the place of their poster on the bulletin board following an objective method like the alphabetical order avoids scope for conflict. In fact, to create multicultural class room is a continuous process. It does not end with a multicultural festival. It requires careful planning and meticulous execution over a period of time to establish strongly a base for multicultural class room environment. It will not happen in a day or a semester.It is a demanding work for life long involving learning and unlearning. Creating a healthy multicultural class room is not just the work of the class teacher only. It needs active participation of every teaching and non teaching staff member of the institution. The support and leadership of the authorities who run the institution and the participation of all the departments are the foundation on which t he edifice of a multicultural class room can be built. Of course, the process is bound to have certain occasional failures and setbacks but the process should be an ongoing one.It requires a lot of determination, time, effort and money and the investment of all these are worth building a multicultural world for a happy and healthy coexistence. It calls for a long-term investment, an investment in our own growth and change as well as in our students and in the university and society of which they and we will continue to be a part. (Mark Chesler, 2003) References Chesler Mark (2003) Teaching Well in the Diverse/Multicultural Classroom http://www. aahea. org/bulletins/articles/sociology. htm Ingram Arlette Willis (2000) Addressing Literacy Needs in Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Classrooms.http://www. ncrel. org/sdrs/areas/issues/content/cntareas/reading/li400. htm Mungai Anne,(2008) Help! I Am Not Prepared for A Diverse Classroom http://www. cluteinstitute-onlinejournals. com/P rograms/Puerto_Rico_2008/Article%20123%20Mungai. pdf Scott Josephine (2001). Meeting the Diverse Needs of All Students http://www. eduplace. com/science/profdev/articles/scott. html Wilson Bette (2000) An Interview at North Central Regional Educational Laboratory. http://www. ncrel. org/sdrs/areas/issues/content/cntareas/reading/wilson1trns. htm A Sample Bulletin Board to be created

Thursday, August 15, 2019

Drug Use and Delinquency Essay

Drug Use and Delinquency Response Adolescents may try drugs just to experiment or by feeling pressured into trying the drug by other family members or friends. Drug use among adolescences may lead to delinquency for the fact that an adolescents’ behavior most likely started before the start of drugs or alcohol. I will give a brief explanation on reasons for delinquency and drug use starting with reasons adolescents may start using drugs or alcohol and then describe how drug use may relate to delinquency. According to studies adolescents who experienced substance abuse gave several reasons in why they turned to drugs or alcohol such as â€Å"my friends pressured me† or â€Å"I wanted to feel good and get high,† â€Å"to have a good time with friends,† or to â€Å"escape from my problems† (Titus, Godley & White 2006, p33. ). Adolescents may also be influenced by other negative events that may be happening in the adolescent’s life. Research typically shows the reasons related to starting drugs or alcohol is peer-social behavior, dealing with negative conditions or feelings, or achieving a satisfying state (Titus, Godley & White, 2006). Studies reveal positive and negative emotions in the understanding of deviant behavior in youths’. Most teenagers generally use drugs for gratification however the adolescents who may become addicted say they are unhappy with past decisions or current situations (Brunelle, Cousineau, & Brochu, (2005). There could be many factors in how drug use becomes related to delinquency for example by having family conflict inside the house it could lead to an adolescences delinquency such as damaging property or the start of substance abuse. Research shows adolescents with less supervision and monitoring, more family conflict, and weak parent/child attachment most likely is at more risk in delinquency and drug use (Fagan, Van Horn, Antaramian & Hawkins 2011).

Wednesday, August 14, 2019

Sport Obermeyer

*Sport Obermeyer:* Case Analysis Pratyusha Lakshmi Puranam Executive Summary: Obermeyer offers a broad line of fashion ski apparel, including parkas, vests, ski suits, shells, ski pants, sweaters, turtlenecks, and accessories. Parkas are considered the most critical design component of a collection; the other garments were fashioned to match the parkas’ style and color. Their products were offered in five different genders: men’s, women’s, boys’, girls’, and preschoolers’. The company segments each â€Å"gender† market according to price, type of skier, and how â€Å"fashion-forward† the market was. Within each â€Å"gender†, numerous styles are offered, each in several colors and a range of sizes. In the current situation, Obermeyer is facing two major issues: inability to meet the demand of retailers during peak sales and a confusion of where to produce the garments – Hong Kong or China. The best way to mitigate the inability to meet the demand of retailers during peaks sales would be to forecast the demands with either past data or with the help of a forecasting committee. It would be idea for Obermeyer to forecast future demand with the help of a forecasting committee. To come over the confusion of which city to continue production in, Obermeyer should choose to continue short term production in Hong Kong but the Long Term production should be in China. Sport Obermeyer has the following main problems: Inability to meet the exact demand of the retailers of the latest fashion which is actually a result of poor forecasting of the jackets: Sport Obermeyer depends on the Las Vegas show to determine what fashions were going to dominate the season coming up and then produce the best fashions. This was a problem because the gap between the show and the production of final product and making it available to the retailer takes time and meanwhile anything can happen. Thus a rigid and accurate forecast must be made based on data as well as experience. They are in a dilemma of which location to continue their production in – Hong Kong or China: Raymond Tse had built the new factory in China where the cost was less but the quality had to be compromised. Moreover, the labor had to be trained and a higher minimum order was required. These issues were addressed by the Hong Kong facility where quality of product was good, the labor could multitask, a lower minimum order size was required and the time of production was low. But the overall cost was high. Recommendations: In order to overcome the forecasting issue, effective forecasting methods like forecasting with the committee should be adopted. The calculations can be based on the newsvendor problem and will help to forecast the optimum requirement of products. To overcome the dilemma of where to produce, the production initially continue in Honk Kong andshould be eventually moved to China. Later, Hong Kong should be used when the minimum order size does not suit that in China. Supporting Analysis: Sport Obermeyer has the issue of lack of stock during peak sales of certain types of parkas. This is very similar to the New Vendor problem. The newsvendor problem is a classic in management science partly because selecting an optimal inventory level in the face of uncertain demand is an important problem but also because the solution is so elegant and intuitive: the inventory should be selected so that the probability that the vendor stocks out should be set equal to the ratio of the item’s unit cost to its unit price. Precisely, the Newsvendor Framework is: One chance to decide on the stocking quantity for the product you’re selling Demand for the product is uncertain Known marginal profit for each unit sold and known marginal loss for the ones that are bought and not sold Goal: Maximize expected profit Numerically, P(x)Marginal Profit – (1 – P(x))Marginal Loss = 0 i. e. P(x) = Marginal Loss/(Marginal Profit + Marginal Loss) Obermeyer’s situation is more complicated than the Newsvendor problem because it is highly dependent on what color, style in the most popular at the moment. Moreover, the higher lead time and constraints of minimum number of orders defined by factories worsen the situation. Risk associated Production: Sport Obermeyer should produce the designs and styles that have the least standard deviation because they are least risky. For these products, the demand uncertainty is very less and thus there is a very low chance of incurring a huge loss. A loss, if any, will not be taxing for Obermeyer and will be in a very low level. Moreover, the trade show results from Las Vegas are not required to produce these parkas. Thus their production can be started immediately. On the other hand, Obermeyer would want to wait till the trade show is complete before starting the production of the parks with a high standard deviation because it has a higher risk. Any loss incurred sue to this segment will be huge and taxing. Demand forecast: The following table shows the demand forecast by the forecasting committee. According to basic principles of statistics, in a sample there is a 68% probability of success i. e available demand in the range (Mean + or – Standard Deviation) and 97% probability of available demand in the range (Mean + or – 2*Standard Deviation). The uncertainty in these two cases is the chance of being outside the range. For example there is a 32% uncertainty of availability that if the demand is below 823 or above 1211 in the Gail model. Similarly it follows for the rest of the data. With the Newsvendor problem, the Demand Forecast would be: Here, P(x) = Marginal Loss/ (Marginal Profit + Marginal Loss) Z has been taken from the frequency distribution tables. Produce = Average +Z*Standard Deviation First Production Quantities: tyles for which expected demand is more than twice the minimum order quantity styles for which expected demand is less than the minimum order quantity all other styles From the above data we have the least forecasted order as 639 which are higher than 600, which is the minimum order quantity for Hong Kong. If the demand is more than double of what has been forecasted there is no issue at all and any factory (Hong Kong or China) can be chosen. If the demand is less what we have forecasted it again depen ds on how much lesser than the minimum order size it is. As we have seen all the forecasted demands are greater than 600 and therefore there will not be much of an issue. A typical scenario is when the demand is in between the minimum order and the double the minimum order. For such a situation we will have to further analyze. We cannot blindly order the minimum both times not can we split the demand into half. In such a situation we have to choose a combination of both factories. *Effect of reducing minimum order quantities on profits*: If there is reduction in the minimum order quantities, then it would be profitable only in case of Hong Kong. There may not be a big difference in profitability if China lowers its minimum order quantity. The reason being, if the company selects China for its order, it is probable that the order is of bulk quantity. Hence, the minimum would not matter for bulk orders. As discussed earlier, it is a good idea to choose Hong Kong for quick and small orders. Hence, if Hong Kong lowers its minimum order quantity, then the number of orders with low quantities will increase for Hong Kong – because, Hong Kong produces the product in half the time as China. Hence, minimum order quantities are directly related to quick orders, which implies, if there is a reduction in minimum order quantity in Hong Kong, then it is profitable than the minimum order quantity reduction in China. Thus when we have to choose a location based on the aspect of reducing the minimum order quantities, we must go ahead with Hong Kong as it is more profitable than reducing minimum order size in China. *Increasing the capacity to react to observed demand*: The second order happens immediately after the Las Vegas show. Hence, to improve the capacity to react for the demand, more number of resources need to work for gathering and capturing the market ASAP during the trade show. This would marginally affect the order date, by increasing the time for Obersport to deliver to sport Obermeyer. But, at that moment, every moment is highly crucial. Once, Obersport is asked to deliver on a prior date, the retailers have the chance to start selling the products at an earlier date. From a profitability point of view, it may not affect a major percentage of profit. But, gaining every penny is the motto of a business. Hence, the capacity to observed demand if increased might result in improved profits. Thus Obermeyer should hire extra resources for this job. Improving Performance: Effectively and efficiently forecasting the demand will be the key factor in improving the performance of Obermeyer another important point would be to reduce the lead time. These two aspects will ensure that when retailers are in the peak sales period and request for replenishment of stock, Obermeyer is in a position to do the needful. Reducing lead time is the easiest to control and will help a lot in improving the performance. Moreover, Obermeyer can also restrict its suppliers (fabric etc) to one to two suppliers. Finally, Obermeyer should define the functionality of Obersport. Obersport should be restricted to can be in charge of sewing and cutting the clothes. Shipping and handling can be taken care by another smaller company so that it will be more efficient and timesaving. Sourcing in China versus Hong Kong Although the time taken for production in china is higher compared to Hong Kong, Sport Obermeyer should give the larger proportion of orders to china, to save labor costs. There are orders which need lesser quantity in lesser time. The urgent orders from retailers can be diverted to HK to save time and business. Hence, as decided previously by the company, over 50% of the orders can be given to China. Bibliography: http://www. hbs. edu/research/facpubs/workingpapers/papers2/0102/02-024. pdf http://www2. isye. gatech. edu/~sman/courses/2030/Newsvendor. pdf http://www. slideshare. net/glenferry/sport-obermeyer? src=related_normal&rel=708013 Sport Obermeyer *Sport Obermeyer:* Case Analysis Pratyusha Lakshmi Puranam Executive Summary: Obermeyer offers a broad line of fashion ski apparel, including parkas, vests, ski suits, shells, ski pants, sweaters, turtlenecks, and accessories. Parkas are considered the most critical design component of a collection; the other garments were fashioned to match the parkas’ style and color. Their products were offered in five different genders: men’s, women’s, boys’, girls’, and preschoolers’. The company segments each â€Å"gender† market according to price, type of skier, and how â€Å"fashion-forward† the market was. Within each â€Å"gender†, numerous styles are offered, each in several colors and a range of sizes. In the current situation, Obermeyer is facing two major issues: inability to meet the demand of retailers during peak sales and a confusion of where to produce the garments – Hong Kong or China. The best way to mitigate the inability to meet the demand of retailers during peaks sales would be to forecast the demands with either past data or with the help of a forecasting committee. It would be idea for Obermeyer to forecast future demand with the help of a forecasting committee. To come over the confusion of which city to continue production in, Obermeyer should choose to continue short term production in Hong Kong but the Long Term production should be in China. Sport Obermeyer has the following main problems: Inability to meet the exact demand of the retailers of the latest fashion which is actually a result of poor forecasting of the jackets: Sport Obermeyer depends on the Las Vegas show to determine what fashions were going to dominate the season coming up and then produce the best fashions. This was a problem because the gap between the show and the production of final product and making it available to the retailer takes time and meanwhile anything can happen. Thus a rigid and accurate forecast must be made based on data as well as experience. They are in a dilemma of which location to continue their production in – Hong Kong or China: Raymond Tse had built the new factory in China where the cost was less but the quality had to be compromised. Moreover, the labor had to be trained and a higher minimum order was required. These issues were addressed by the Hong Kong facility where quality of product was good, the labor could multitask, a lower minimum order size was required and the time of production was low. But the overall cost was high. Recommendations: In order to overcome the forecasting issue, effective forecasting methods like forecasting with the committee should be adopted. The calculations can be based on the newsvendor problem and will help to forecast the optimum requirement of products. To overcome the dilemma of where to produce, the production initially continue in Honk Kong andshould be eventually moved to China. Later, Hong Kong should be used when the minimum order size does not suit that in China. Supporting Analysis: Sport Obermeyer has the issue of lack of stock during peak sales of certain types of parkas. This is very similar to the New Vendor problem. The newsvendor problem is a classic in management science partly because selecting an optimal inventory level in the face of uncertain demand is an important problem but also because the solution is so elegant and intuitive: the inventory should be selected so that the probability that the vendor stocks out should be set equal to the ratio of the item’s unit cost to its unit price. Precisely, the Newsvendor Framework is: One chance to decide on the stocking quantity for the product you’re selling Demand for the product is uncertain Known marginal profit for each unit sold and known marginal loss for the ones that are bought and not sold Goal: Maximize expected profit Numerically, P(x)Marginal Profit – (1 – P(x))Marginal Loss = 0 i. e. P(x) = Marginal Loss/(Marginal Profit + Marginal Loss) Obermeyer’s situation is more complicated than the Newsvendor problem because it is highly dependent on what color, style in the most popular at the moment. Moreover, the higher lead time and constraints of minimum number of orders defined by factories worsen the situation. Risk associated Production: Sport Obermeyer should produce the designs and styles that have the least standard deviation because they are least risky. For these products, the demand uncertainty is very less and thus there is a very low chance of incurring a huge loss. A loss, if any, will not be taxing for Obermeyer and will be in a very low level. Moreover, the trade show results from Las Vegas are not required to produce these parkas. Thus their production can be started immediately. On the other hand, Obermeyer would want to wait till the trade show is complete before starting the production of the parks with a high standard deviation because it has a higher risk. Any loss incurred sue to this segment will be huge and taxing. Demand forecast: The following table shows the demand forecast by the forecasting committee. According to basic principles of statistics, in a sample there is a 68% probability of success i. e available demand in the range (Mean + or – Standard Deviation) and 97% probability of available demand in the range (Mean + or – 2*Standard Deviation). The uncertainty in these two cases is the chance of being outside the range. For example there is a 32% uncertainty of availability that if the demand is below 823 or above 1211 in the Gail model. Similarly it follows for the rest of the data. With the Newsvendor problem, the Demand Forecast would be: Here, P(x) = Marginal Loss/ (Marginal Profit + Marginal Loss) Z has been taken from the frequency distribution tables. Produce = Average +Z*Standard Deviation First Production Quantities: tyles for which expected demand is more than twice the minimum order quantity styles for which expected demand is less than the minimum order quantity all other styles From the above data we have the least forecasted order as 639 which are higher than 600, which is the minimum order quantity for Hong Kong. If the demand is more than double of what has been forecasted there is no issue at all and any factory (Hong Kong or China) can be chosen. If the demand is less what we have forecasted it again depen ds on how much lesser than the minimum order size it is. As we have seen all the forecasted demands are greater than 600 and therefore there will not be much of an issue. A typical scenario is when the demand is in between the minimum order and the double the minimum order. For such a situation we will have to further analyze. We cannot blindly order the minimum both times not can we split the demand into half. In such a situation we have to choose a combination of both factories. *Effect of reducing minimum order quantities on profits*: If there is reduction in the minimum order quantities, then it would be profitable only in case of Hong Kong. There may not be a big difference in profitability if China lowers its minimum order quantity. The reason being, if the company selects China for its order, it is probable that the order is of bulk quantity. Hence, the minimum would not matter for bulk orders. As discussed earlier, it is a good idea to choose Hong Kong for quick and small orders. Hence, if Hong Kong lowers its minimum order quantity, then the number of orders with low quantities will increase for Hong Kong – because, Hong Kong produces the product in half the time as China. Hence, minimum order quantities are directly related to quick orders, which implies, if there is a reduction in minimum order quantity in Hong Kong, then it is profitable than the minimum order quantity reduction in China. Thus when we have to choose a location based on the aspect of reducing the minimum order quantities, we must go ahead with Hong Kong as it is more profitable than reducing minimum order size in China. *Increasing the capacity to react to observed demand*: The second order happens immediately after the Las Vegas show. Hence, to improve the capacity to react for the demand, more number of resources need to work for gathering and capturing the market ASAP during the trade show. This would marginally affect the order date, by increasing the time for Obersport to deliver to sport Obermeyer. But, at that moment, every moment is highly crucial. Once, Obersport is asked to deliver on a prior date, the retailers have the chance to start selling the products at an earlier date. From a profitability point of view, it may not affect a major percentage of profit. But, gaining every penny is the motto of a business. Hence, the capacity to observed demand if increased might result in improved profits. Thus Obermeyer should hire extra resources for this job. Improving Performance: Effectively and efficiently forecasting the demand will be the key factor in improving the performance of Obermeyer another important point would be to reduce the lead time. These two aspects will ensure that when retailers are in the peak sales period and request for replenishment of stock, Obermeyer is in a position to do the needful. Reducing lead time is the easiest to control and will help a lot in improving the performance. Moreover, Obermeyer can also restrict its suppliers (fabric etc) to one to two suppliers. Finally, Obermeyer should define the functionality of Obersport. Obersport should be restricted to can be in charge of sewing and cutting the clothes. Shipping and handling can be taken care by another smaller company so that it will be more efficient and timesaving. Sourcing in China versus Hong Kong Although the time taken for production in china is higher compared to Hong Kong, Sport Obermeyer should give the larger proportion of orders to china, to save labor costs. There are orders which need lesser quantity in lesser time. The urgent orders from retailers can be diverted to HK to save time and business. Hence, as decided previously by the company, over 50% of the orders can be given to China. Bibliography: http://www. hbs. edu/research/facpubs/workingpapers/papers2/0102/02-024. pdf http://www2. isye. gatech. edu/~sman/courses/2030/Newsvendor. pdf http://www. slideshare. net/glenferry/sport-obermeyer? src=related_normal&rel=708013